The Trawniki men, named after the SS training camp near Lublin, belonged to the "foreign national" auxiliary troops in service of the Nazis and were drawn primarily from Soviet prisoners of war. They were employed across occupied Poland and the Soviet Union where they performed a wide range of tasks. These included guarding forced labor and POW camps, participating directly in Operation Reinhardt, the liquidation of ghettos, and the operation of extermination camps. Their status, however, was ambiguous. Shaped by coercion, survival, and shifting incentives, the Trawniki men displayed behaviors of extreme violence, desertion, and occasional resistance. Trawniki Men and the Holocaust examines the formation, recruitment, and deployment of this group, situating them within the wider structures of Nazi occupation and genocide. In doing so, it reveals the fluid boundaries between coercion and collaboration, and the complex realities behind the implementation of mass murder in Eastern Europe.