Madeleine de Scudéry (1607-1701) was a celebrated seventeenth-century novelist and essayist, yet her engagement with natural philosophy and the sciences has been largely overlooked. This volume presents the first English translation of 'The Story of Two Chameleons' (1688) and situates it within Scudéry's broader scientific and philosophical writing. Beyond this seminal text, the book explores her reflections on atomism, natural history, and epistemology, revealing her critical engagement with cutting-edge theories of her time, including a challenge to the Cartesian 'animal-machine' hypothesis. By translating and analyzing key sections from her multi-volume Conversations (1680-1692), including 'On Uncertainty', 'The Story of Prince Ariamène', which features Democritus, and 'On Butterflies', alongside selected manuscript material, this volume demonstrates how Scudéry's interdisciplinary approach defied rigid intellectual boundaries, activating what Anne-Lise Rey terms 'epistemic mobility.' Her work offers a vital perspective on women's contributions to the history of science and philosophy, and illuminates the ways in which marginalized voices engaged with and shaped knowledge production. With a critical introduction and extensive commentary, this open access edition makes Scudéry's work widely available to scholars and students in early modern studies, French literature, philosophy, animal studies, and the environmental humanities. It is a timely contribution to ongoing efforts to recover women's intellectual history and reassess the intersections of literature, science, and philosophy in early modern Europe.