Deborah, a prophetess, judge, and military leader, rises to prominence in ancient Israel during a period of oppression under King Jabin of Canaan. Israel, having turned from God, endures twenty years of brutal tyranny under Sisera, Jabin's commander, who boasts 900 iron chariots. Deborah, judging Israel from under the Palm of Deborah, receives a divine command to summon Barak, a military commander, to battle Sisera. Though Barak hesitates and asks Deborah to accompany him, she agrees, prophesying that victory will come through a woman. The ensuing battle sees a decisive Israelite triumph, aided by a torrential downpour that swamps Sisera's chariots. Sisera flees but is ultimately killed by Jael, a woman who shelters him and then drives a tent peg through his head. This fulfills Deborah's prophecy and secures Israel's liberation. The victory is celebrated in the "Song of Deborah," a poem in chapter 5 that praises God's intervention and the courage of those who fought, particularly highlighting Jael's role. The victory brings peace to the land for forty years, establishing Deborah's legacy as a leader who combined spiritual authority, strategic wisdom, and unwavering faith.

The Song of Deborah serves as a poetic recounting of the events and their theological significance, emphasizing God's active role in the battle and the importance of national unity and courageous action. The poem celebrates the contributions of various tribes while rebuking those who remained passive. Deborah's prophetic insights are highlighted, along with the unexpected heroism of Jael, a woman who plays a crucial role in Sisera's demise. The Song ultimately reinforces the themes of divine justice and the power of faith to overcome seemingly insurmountable odds. The forty years of subsequent peace underscore the lasting impact of Deborah's leadership.