NORMAN H SILVERMAN MD Professor of Pediatrics (Cardiology and Radiology) at the University of California in San Francisco from 1975-2002. He worked at Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital as a Professor of Pediatrics where he was also 'The Roma and Marvin Auerback Scholar in Pediatric Cardiology' from 2002-2012. He is currently emeritus professor at the Benioff Hospital for the University of California in San Francisco and at Stanford University. He continues his writing and teaching, locally and globally. He received both the Founders Award and the Award for Excellence in Teaching in Pediatric Cardiology from the American Society of Echocardiography. His work at UCSF established echocardiography as a primary diagnostic modality in pediatric cardiology. He was the first to define the echocardiographic criteria for diagnosing the neonate in need of treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants and defined the apical four-chamber view for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, considered an essential element in all echocardiographic studies today. He also introduced transesophageal echocardiography as a standard for managing intra-operative repair of children with congenital heart diseases and was an early investigator in fetal echocardiography.