For over 3,000 years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made great contributions to the health and well-being of Chinese people. The practice of TCM has also been adapted in many Asian countries for centuries. Nowadays in China, along with Western medicine, TCM is well integrated in the Chinese healthcare system as one of two mainstream medical practices. In the past several decades, the fast economic growth of China has not only promoted the use of TCM beyond Chinese-speaking countries, but also inspired researchers to perform modern scientific research on TCM for disease treatment and health maintenance. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine (AJCM) is the oldest complementary and integrative medical journal in the U.S. In this book, the most read and influential research studies published in the AJCM in recent years were selected and organized in five sections based on key target organs and therapies. These articles reflect the high standards of contemporary TCM research. This book is designed for physicians and other healthcare professionals, biomedical researchers, medical students, and interested individuals. Readers will gain from the knowledge and experience of the many contributors to this text, which provides the most updated, evidence-based TCM research information.