Biodiversity conservation is a major issue in the current era as the majority of species are under the threat of extinction. Most of the threats are coming from anthropogenic activities and climate change. The world is moving in a crossroads were priorities for the supply of food to the increasing population and side by side exploitation of biodiversity and a realistic thought for biodiversity conservation. Forest and biodiversity play an important role in an alternate livelihood and mitigating hunger from time immemorial. Similipal Biosphere Reserve is situated in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha and is the natural home to varieties of animals, plants, and vegetation. This supports the livelihood for several tribal villages located both within and outside of it. But with increasing the population and decreasing the forest areas needs alternate livelihood supports for the people depending on the forest. Taking into consideration these issues, a national level seminar was organized by the Centre for Similipal Studies, North Orissa University to discuss the issues related to biodiversity conservation and livelihood management. The book covers some of the topics discussed in the seminar along with invited articles from various experts working in the field of biodiversity conservation and livelihood management. The book contains 32 chapter comprising biodiversity issues and livelihood management in two different sections. The book is extremely important for students, researchers, policymakers, and the Govt. for implementation of various programs related to biodiversity conservation and livelihood management