Advances in Pacific Basin Business, Economics, and Finance is an annual publication designed to focus on interdisciplinary research in finance, economics, accounting and management among Pacific Rim countries. All articles published have been reviewed and recommended by at least two members of the editorial board. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: 1. Policies and Regulations on financial markets and financial institutions; Options, futures and other derivatives markets; Corporate finance and investment decisions; Fixed-Income securities and portfolio management; Insurance and risk management; Accounting, auditing and taxation; Marketing, management, and business strategies; Artificial intelligence and financial technology; Monetary and foreign exchange policy; Income, employment, and economic policies among the Pacific Rim countries