In Latin America, the last two decades were characterized by two different national projects: the neoliberal paradigm based on the Washington Consensus of the 1990s and the rebirth of the left during the first decade of the 21st century. This rebirth was linked to an ongoing political, social and economic crisis in the region and was represented by two different, yet similar, agendas, in Brazil and Venezuela, led by Luis Inácio Lula da Silva and Hugo Chávez as Presidents of both nations. This book presents a balance of Lula and Chávez governments, its goals, results, impacts and prospects, focusing on an evaluation of its leftist projects as alternatives of sustainable development and South-South cooperation.