What defines a city's public space? Who designates such areas, who determines their uses, and who gets to use them? Robert Cassanello uses nineteenth-century Jacksonville as both backdrop and springboard to explore social transformation in Florida and the South. This is the first book to focus on the emergence of African American public life in Jacksonville between Reconstruction and the 1920s.

What defines a city’s public space? Who designates such areas, who determines their uses, and who gets to use them? Robert Cassanello uses rough-and-tumble nineteenth-century Jacksonville as both backdrop and springboard to explore social transformation in Florida and the South. When free black men in the city were first given the right to vote, conservative lawmakers made concerted efforts to drive them out of white public spaces. They attempted to make the public sphere a white domain by rendering blacks voiceless—invisible—in the public square. In response, a black counterpublic developed, flourishing clandestinely at times and openly challenging racism in the public sphere at others.

Fortified by the theories of Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey, and Jürgen Habermas, To Render Invisible is the first book to focus on the tumultuous emergence of African American public life in Jacksonville between Reconstruction and the 1920s. Robert Cassanello brings to light many of the reasons Jacksonville, like Birmingham, Alabama, and other cities throughout the South, continues to struggle with its contentious racial past.